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What Happens if You Focus a 5W Laser With a Giant Magnifying Glass? Negative Kelvin Temperature!

What Happens if You Focus a 5W Laser With a Giant Magnifying Glass? Negative Kelvin Temperature!



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38 responses to “What Happens if You Focus a 5W Laser With a Giant Magnifying Glass? Negative Kelvin Temperature!”

  1. The Action Lab Avatar
    The Action Lab

    I see a lot of people are having trouble with this video. First, I am very much aware that the reason the laser it getting hotter when it is magnified is due to the reduced area. That isn't the point of this video. The point is to try to explain why it doesn't break the laws of thermodynamics! Now for the negative kelvin explanation, statistical mechanics tells us that at infinite temperature all atomic states will be populated equally. The Kelvin scale was built upon classical mechanics where it would be impossible to achieve a state in which there are more atoms in a higher state than a lower state. However due to quantum mechanical effects, we know that we can stimulate atoms to be in a higher energy state simply by shining light near them that is at the same wavelength as the light it would emit at that state (stimulated emission). So in a laser, the stimulated atoms actually achieve a population inversion where there are more atoms in a higher energy state than a lower one. This is where the negative temperature comes from. In this case we have to define temperature as negative or else we get into problems that break the second law of thermodynamics. It doesn’t matter that my laser has poor optics. What’s important is that lasers can break the conservation of etendue due to the fact that they have light that doesn’t spread, the reason they have light that doesn’t spread is because of population inversion, and this is why we have to say they have negative temperatures (or they behave as if they have negative kelvin). We can never achieve negative temperature in a non-quantum mechanical system thus anything the laser shines on is always at a positive temperate no matter how hot you get.

    Of course the reason the laser gets hotter when it’s focused is due to the reduced surface area of the light. That was not my point though. The point of the video was to explain why it doesn’t break the 2nd law of thermodynamics. Please research “conservation of etendue” to understand why you can’t focus a flashlight down to a point that is hotter/brighter than the flashlight surface. This is a very good example of how the second law of thermodynamics can never be broken no matter how hard you try.

  2. Z3r0 Avatar
    Z3r0

    Thats cool af

  3. Fubi Sroc Avatar
    Fubi Sroc

    Your first error is in believing that people "burning ants" think they're magnifying the temperature of THE SUN. They're only focusing the TINY amount of light from the sun that's equal in area to the lens they're using (assuming you hold it perpendicular to the rays) at a distance of ~92 million miles away from the sun! What you SHOULD be comparing is the incoming light / energy directly on one side of the lens to the focused point of light on the other, and I'm sure we'll all agree that temperature IS increased. For the record, sunlight and light from a flashlight are COMPLETELY different in this case. Yes, most flashlight beams (especially yours) are spreading out over distance, meaning the rays of light are not parallel to each other when striking the lens. Light from the sun, however, is coming from SOOO far away that the rays striking your lens 92 million miles away are all so close to parallel that any angle between them would be too small to be meaningful. Parallel rays can all be focused down to an almost singular point with a properly ground lens. Just ask the ants.

  4. thebudman420 Avatar
    thebudman420

    Sun gun
    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    Not to be confused with Stun gun (disambiguation).

    The sun gun or heliobeam is a theoretical orbital weapon, which makes use of a concave mirror mounted on a satellite, to concentrate sunlight onto a small area at the Earth's surface, destroying targets or killing through heat.
    History

    In 1929, the German physicist Hermann Oberth developed plans for a space station from which a 100-metre-wide concave mirror could be used to reflect sunlight onto a concentrated point on the earth.[1]

    Later during World War II, a group of German scientists at the German Army Artillery proving grounds at Hillersleben began to expand on Oberth's idea of creating a superweapon that could utilize the sun's energy. This so-called "sun gun" (Sonnengewehr) would be part of a space station 8,200 kilometres (5,100 mi) above Earth. The scientists calculated that a huge reflector, made of metallic sodium and with an area of 9 square kilometres (900 ha; 3.5 sq mi), could produce enough focused heat to make an ocean boil or burn a city.[1] After being questioned by officers of the United States, the Germans claimed that the sun gun could be completed within 50 or 100 years.[1][2]

    With the deployment and validation of satellite mega-constellations, their use as a sun gun has also been proposed. Instead of a vast individual mirror, hundreds of low cost reflectors could in theory be synchronized to concentrate solar irradiance and aim it at a target.

  5. Franklin Ass Avatar
    Franklin Ass

    So you're saying that lasers cause a stack overflow?

  6. Thomas Jakob Avatar
    Thomas Jakob

    put another magnifine glass there!

  7. Joseph P K Avatar
    Joseph P K

    One day, that garage door is going to burst into flames.

  8. Goaskuff Avatar
    Goaskuff

    Can't we basically make a lazer gun like this, just it's more complicated to get it more powerful to call it a gun ?

  9. Alex D. Avatar
    Alex D.

    2:08 Never say never. You only need a much stronger lense or a system of lenses and mirrors. Though this may be really difficult to implement in practice. But not impossible, because each individual LED is a quantum system as well.

  10. Regular Tetragon Avatar
    Regular Tetragon

    The simplest explanation as to why is doesn't break thermodynamics is that thermodynamics has to do with the energy of a system. The system is not your target, it's your target + your environment, i.e. your garage. Lenses don't change the amount of energy the system receives, only the energy the target receives. There's 0 need to bring negative temperatures in this as they're totally irrelevant here.

  11. Nelson Mkweru Avatar
    Nelson Mkweru

    A simple, cheap but super powerful zombie killing weapon

  12. Castiel Sepheen Panganiban Avatar
    Castiel Sepheen Panganiban

    MY EYES

  13. ze spy Avatar
    ze spy

    This entire video sounds like bullshit.

  14. Help me get to 1K subs with no vid Avatar
    Help me get to 1K subs with no vid

    I Love It When The Notification Comes, "Someone Has Subscribed Your Channel" ? "Someone Has Liked Your Comment" It Always Makes My Day!?

  15. Tejasvi Shrivastava Avatar
    Tejasvi Shrivastava

    07:17 looks like a tangent graph ?

  16. shabshabeel games Avatar
    shabshabeel games

    you are better than my teacher

  17. Sam Okay Avatar
    Sam Okay

    Now I'm gonna make a fallout style energy wep.

  18. William Chen Avatar
    William Chen

    Solve your personal energy problems FOREVER by simply copying the two simple devices, which are described in the two links below:

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BAydFMDKj2Y

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xX14NK8GrDY

  19. Simon Archbold Avatar
    Simon Archbold

    I see you are having a lot of trouble with the English language,
    “Hotter than Infinity”
    Lol Ridiculous !
    Infinity = a point in space or time that is or seems infinitely distant.
    Go back to school pal, you’ve a lot to learn . . . ??

  20. Joe Pa Avatar
    Joe Pa

    Very dangerous

  21. Po Posterous Avatar
    Po Posterous

    when I break the second law of thermodynamics:
    "physics police, open up"

  22. Streev Avatar
    Streev

    If something hotter than infinity wouldn't that mean it could burn through anything? Even a spyglass? ?

  23. Lucas Strange Avatar
    Lucas Strange

    This truly just about the light being focused on a smaller point. If you stacked glasses, you could get a similar result with a flashlight.

  24. MaybeAnonymousDev Avatar
    MaybeAnonymousDev

    Particles be groovin'

  25. FichDich InDemArsch Avatar
    FichDich InDemArsch

    This channel should be renamed the "Broscience channel".

  26. GSRECNepal Pvt. Ltd Avatar
    GSRECNepal Pvt. Ltd

    WOW

  27. Maulshree Sharma Avatar
    Maulshree Sharma

    4:29 aw this is the best

  28. James Hooker Avatar
    James Hooker

    I want to see you do this with multiple magnifying glasses until one of them melts!

  29. Benjamin Rice Avatar
    Benjamin Rice

    Hey action lab what about a much larger diameter lens for the flashlight?

  30. WhiteAI Avatar
    WhiteAI

    The Action Lab: *makes normal experiment
    1 day later: becomes deadly weapon

  31. Med youssef Boudhir Avatar
    Med youssef Boudhir

    Can't a cylindric reflector of light stop the light spread so we can bigger the distance between the light source to the lens?

  32. Keith Tam Avatar
    Keith Tam

    ok, enough with the science, what if I have a hundred of these consumer lasers and focusd…. laser gun??

  33. Brian M Avatar
    Brian M

    Huh? How would a fire department investigator, determine a laser as the cause of a fire?

  34. Bob Smith Avatar
    Bob Smith

    For those of you wondering, yes, 0 can be positive or negative. Think of 0 as a neutron particle. Normally, a neutron has a neutral charge, but you can also apply a positive or negative charge to it. When you negatively charge a neutron, it becomes an electron. When you positively charge a neutron, it becomes a proton. So, 0 always has the value of 0, but it can exist in 3 different states. Positive, negative, or neutral. I hope this helps.

  35. TheRedPhantom Avatar
    TheRedPhantom

    Sooo the strongest laser dose it use this?

  36. Cameron Roberson Avatar
    Cameron Roberson

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6i5LvywRp4E

  37. che rocha Avatar
    che rocha

    Screaming at the video after a minute "USE A BIGGER FRIKKIN MAGNIFYING GLASS, MY GUY!"

  38. GK Avatar
    GK

    2:38
    "that would mean i would violate the 2nd law of thermodynamics"
    it's okay, just do it man. we won't tell anyone

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